Invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a rare subtype of invasive lung adenocarcinoma. However, the clinical course and prognostic outcomes following IMA resection, particularly postoperative recurrence, remain unclear.
We pathologically reevaluated 1362 lung adenocarcinoma resections performed at our institution, categorizing cases into the IMA group (72 cases) and non-IMA group (1290 cases). The IMA group was further classified into pneumonia and nodular types based on preoperative computed tomography.
Overall, the IMA group had lower carcinoembryonic antigen levels (3 vs. 8 ng/mL; p &lt; .01), fewer lymph node metastasis (4% vs. 24%; p &lt; .01), and more KRAS mutations (56% vs. 7%; p &lt; .01) than the non-IMA group. Although postoperative recurrence rates did not differ between both groups (32% vs. 27%; p = 0.35), lung recurrence occurred more frequently in the IMA group (83% vs. 17%; p &lt; .01). Propensity score-matched pair analysis showed that the IMA group had fewer lymph node metastasis (3% vs. 35%; p &lt; .01), more KRAS mutations (56% vs. 9%; p &lt; .01), and higher intrapulmonary recurrence rate (84% vs. 31%; p &lt; .01) than the non-IMA group. The 5-year overall survival rates did not differ between both groups (74% vs. 81%; p = 0.26). However, among patients with intrapulmonary recurrence, those in the IMA group had significantly worse prognosis than those in the non-IMA group (35% vs. 77%; p &lt; .01).
Intrapulmonary recurrence, which induced significantly worse prognosis, was more likely to occur in the IMA than non-IMA group.
Intrapulmonary recurrence, which induced significantly worse prognosis, was more likely to occur in the IMA than non-IMA group.Neuroscience has cast new light on the nature of human morality by exploiting simplified paradigms. https://www.selleckchem.com/ To enhance our understanding of everyday moral decisions, the field should complement computational approaches with naturalistic paradigms and a focus on narratives and stories.Human cultures store memories in large distributed assemblies composed of individual brains, intragenerational and intergenerational interacting brains, social constructs, and artifacts. Neuroscience, social sciences, and the humanities can benefit mutually from combining their distinctive methodologies in investigating the cultural engram.The brain basis of language, music, and emotion can be studied from the perspective of the psychological and cognitive sciences. Does this approach link to concerns of the humanities meaningfully? We outline prospects of developing a genuine neurohumanities research program.We review progress and highlight open questions in neuroaesthetics. We argue that computational methods can provide mechanistic insight into how aesthetic judgments are formed, while advocating for deeper collaboration between neuroscientists studying aesthetics and those in the arts and humanities.Neuroscience has an extraordinary opportunity to investigate issues historically addressed by the arts, humanities, and social sciences. As a guide, we suggest three features of meaningful progress in the collaborative field, the neurohumanities, which we illustrate through a discussion of "neural schemas."There is increasing evidence that supporting/glial cells in sensory systems function in sensory transduction. Duan et al. demonstrate that the glial cells of the C. elegans amphid apparatus serve as odorant receptor cells and regulate neuronal output and behavior.In this issue of Neuron, Kwak et al. describe novel astroglial pathway for synthesis of GABA, which is subsequently released through plasmalemmal Best1 channels to control neuronal excitability and tactile acuity through tonic inhibition of thalamic neurons.Amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) is overshadowed by its degradation product, the Alzheimer protein Aβ. Lee et al. now find a role for the APP family in neuronal excitability, synaptic plasticity, and memory in adulthood, despite the lack of requirement for neuronal survival.We report a comprehensive proteogenomics analysis, including whole-genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and proteomics and phosphoproteomics profiling, of 218 tumors across 7 histological types of childhood brain cancer low-grade glioma (n = 93), ependymoma (32), high-grade glioma (25), medulloblastoma (22), ganglioglioma (18), craniopharyngioma (16), and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (12). Proteomics data identify common biological themes that span histological boundaries, suggesting that treatments used for one histological type may be applied effectively to other tumors sharing similar proteomics features. Immune landscape characterization reveals diverse tumor microenvironments across and within diagnoses. Proteomics data further reveal functional effects of somatic mutations and copy number variations (CNVs) not evident in transcriptomics data. Kinase-substrate association and co-expression network analysis identify important biological mechanisms of tumorigenesis. This is the first large-scale proteogenomics analysis across traditional histological boundaries to uncover foundational pediatric brain tumor biology and inform rational treatment selection.As of 2020, fewer than 600 individuals have left Earth to experience work and life in space. That number will grow as government-funded and commercial space programs move forward in countries around the globe. There are however major questions about how humans respond to spaceflight at every level, from the whole body to individual organs to specific cells to molecular pathways. Preparing for a future where longer-duration spaceflights are anticipated and people can begin to contemplate space tourism, researchers are studying astronauts to understand how the human system is affected by and adapts to space. Lara Szewczak got a window on this world, speaking with retired astronaut Scott Kelly about his late-blooming interest in science, what he's learned through the NASA Twins Study, and why space vacations might not be for everyone. They were joined by Chris Mason, a lead investigator looking at the 'omics of spaceflight. Excerpts from this conversation are presented below, and the full conversation is available with the article online.